In the last year I started thinking more and more on the questions of education, so I chose Anna's topic #1.
How to encourage a child to study? Difficult question on which every parents find their answers. Based upon my own experience and experience of my friend who I know from the childhood, I assured only in one thing.YOU SHOULDN'T MAKE YOUR CHILD STUDY. I have a great amount of situation when my friends from the first form had several 'extrateachers', attended different 'circles' and the consequences of this 'extra activity' was that they really hate it and sometimes hate their parents who were making helpless children. Of course, you can say that in the age of 16-18 teens would regret that parents hadn't sent them to some circles. And, vice versa, those, who were sent, would be thankful to their parents. But the latter statement is about situations when children were pleased with their courses, and this is not about all situations.
One more statement which I learnt from life experience is, "People never hear advice and never learn from other's mistakes". Only wise man can hear opinion of another man and then change his or her decision if it was wrong. Most people are stubborn goats. They listen and then do how they like. Especially children. If you would go after your child and speak permanently, 'You should study. The education will be useful in future', once your child would completely hate the education. That is why it is very important to make science interesting to a child. That is why, in my opinion, the role of primary-school teachers is underestimated. And, moreover, the group in which a child is studying is very important. I think there are 'not very good' schools in which from the very beginnig some pupils are against the education. These pupils are usually from 'not very good' families. In my opinion, the atmosphere in class is a very important criteria in choice of the school. If half of the class are not studying (and this is always the most 'active' part of the class), then it would disturb the another part half. So, coming from the assumption that you can't make your child study on the early stage, I conclude that in this period you should send him or her to 'good' school.
All that was said in the previous paragraph are rather obvious thing. But what parents should do if their child refuse to study in rather 'intelligent' age. Learnt from the experience of my friends, I understood only one thing. And it is similar to the one from the first paragraph. You shouldn't annoy your child every day with appeals to study. What should parents do if a teen just uninterested in education? What if he or she just more interested in sports, art or in walking and doing nothing with friends? Maybe it is time for parents to understand that their child is not future great scientist and approve his or her extraschool interestings. It is stupid belief in our society that every successful person should have education. The success of the person depends on his or her own ablities such as purposefulness and initiativity and, of course, in our days, education (nowadays more and more number of successful people have good education). Such a parameter as 'individual abilities' is very vague in the age of 15, so parents want to receive 'insurance' for their children and they pay for their education which usually appears unnecessary. That is why most parents are ready their children study using all possible and impossible means, and, if they fail, ready to pay for them.
The answer to the first question appeared longer than I have expected, so I will answer on the next two more shortly. Money for grades? In the school age the money incentive are not very effective in my opinion, because the money from parents it is like sign of their love. Most people just can't refuse to their children in money and it may create negative consequences in relations. And moreover, it creates negative effect that children are ready to study not to receive knowledge, but to receive money from parents. May be this is effective in short run, but a disaster in long run.
Conversations with a child? Being a teenager, a child hears parent's phrases is opponent meaning. One or two conversations may be useful, but more would create child's bad attitude to education. In such a situation good friend could be very useful. That is why it is very important to not allow child to spend time in 'bad' companies because under their influence all conversation with a teenager would be useless.
Of course, this is just thoughts of 18-year student. The reality about education of children would be different, but I hope this ideas will help me in future, because now I understand more in education from the side of a child than I would when I have children.
Make children, not war! :)
Thank you for attention.